用通風方法改善車間的空氣環(huán)境，一方面在局部地點或整個車間把不符合衛(wèi)生標準的污濁空氣排室外，另一方面，把新鮮空氣或經(jīng)過凈化符合衛(wèi)生要求的空氣送入室內(nèi)。我們把前者稱為排風，把后者稱為進風。
Ventilation is used to improve the air environment in the workshop. On the one hand, polluted air which does not meet the hygienic standards is discharged to the outdoor in some places or the whole workshop. On the other hand, fresh air or purified air which meets the hygienic requirements is sent into the room. We call the former the exhaust, and the latter is called the air intake.
在集中產(chǎn)生有害物的局部地點，設置捕集裝置，將有害物排走，以控制有害物向室內(nèi)擴散，這種通風方法稱為局部排風。這是防毒，排塵有效的通風方法。
In the locality where harmful substances are concentrated, a trap is set up to discharge harmful substances to control the diffusion of harmful substances into the room. This ventilation method is called local exhaust. This is the most effective ventilation method to prevent dust and dust.
局部排風系統(tǒng)由以下幾部分組成：
The local exhaust system consists of the following parts:
(1)局部排風罩
(1) local exhaust hood
局部排風罩是用來捕集有害物的。它的性能對局部排風系統(tǒng)的技術經(jīng)濟指標有直接影響。性能良好的局部排風罩，如密閉罩，只要較小的風量就可以獲得良好的工作效果。由于生產(chǎn)設備和操作的不同，排風罩的形式是多種多樣的。
Partial exhaust hood is used to capture harmful substances. Its performance has a direct impact on the technical and economic indexes of the local exhaust system. Good performance of local exhaust hood, such as airtight cover, as long as a small amount of air can be achieved good results. Because of the difference in production equipment and operation, the form of exhaust hood is varied.
(2)風管
(2) wind pipe
通風系統(tǒng)中輸送氣體的管道稱為風管，它把系統(tǒng)中的各種設備或部件連成了一個整體。為了提高系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟性，應合理選定風管中的氣體流速，管路應力求短、直。風管通常用表面光滑的材料制作，如：薄鋼板、聚氯乙烯板，有時也用混凝土、磚等材料。
The duct that conveys gas in a ventilation system is called an air duct. It connects all kinds of equipment or components in the system into a whole. In order to improve the economy of the system, the gas flow rate in the air duct should be reasonably selected, and the stress of the pipeline should be short and straight. The duct is usually made of smooth surface materials, such as thin steel plate, PVC board, and sometimes concrete, brick and other materials.
(3)除塵、凈化設備
(3) dust removal and purification equipment
為了防止大氣污染，當排出空氣中有害物量超過排放標準時，必須用凈化設備處理，達到排放標準后，排人大氣。凈化設備分除塵器和有害氣體凈化裝置兩類。
In order to prevent air pollution, when the amount of harmful substances discharged from the air exceeds the discharge standard, it must be treated with purification equipment. After reaching the discharge standard, the air is discharged. Cleaning equipment is divided into two categories: dust collector and harmful gas purification device.
(4)風機
(4) fan
風機向機械排風系統(tǒng)捉供空氣流動的動力。為了防止風機的磨損和腐蝕，通常把它放在凈化設備的后面。
The power of the fan to catch the air flow to the mechanical exhaust system. In order to prevent fan wear and corrosion, it is usually placed behind the purification equipment.
如果只對局部地點進行排風或送風，即局部通風;如果對整個車間進行排風或送風，則為通風。通常，按通風系統(tǒng)的作用范圍不同，可將通風分為局部通風、通風和事故通風。局部通風系統(tǒng)又分為局部進風和局部排風兩大類，它們都是利用局部氣流，使局部工作地點不受有害物的污染，造成良好的空氣環(huán)境。
Local ventilation is achieved if ventilation or supply is carried out only at local locations; full ventilation is achieved if ventilation or supply is carried out throughout the workshop. Generally, ventilation can be divided into local ventilation, comprehensive ventilation and accident ventilation according to the scope of the ventilation system. Local ventilation system is divided into two categories: local air intake and local air exhaust. Both of them make use of local air flow, so that local workplaces are not polluted by harmful substances, resulting in a good air environment.
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